A basic subscription costs $4. The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. But now I am reaping the fruits of my linguistic labor. English being the international language has. Listen. With the Innovative 101 App, you learn language fast and start speaking in minutes because the audio and video lessons are just 3 to 15 minutes long. Spanish. If you're looking for a good all-around Swedish program to get started with, I recommend SwedishPod101. Read Your Favorite Content. Michel Thomas claimed that there was no such thing as a bad student, only a bad teacher. It is a Semitic language is closely related to Canaanite, Aramaic, Hebrew and Amorite along with other modern and dead languages. The word ‘polyglot’ has its origins in Greek meaning the ‘ability to speak many languages’. By Michael / Learning French, Product Reviews / 6 minutes of reading. Read along or review after a lesson . APP. com ---**. The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. Description: Learn Swedish with Free Podcasts Whether you are student or a seasoned speaker, our lessons offer something for everyone. The Mimic Method offers language courses which aim to help your pronunciation in one of the following nine languages: Spanish, French, German, Russian, Portuguese, English, Chinese, Italian and Japanese. Listen to Monthly Review Video #60 - Input Vs Output And How To Learn Language Faster | Swedish November 2023 Review and fifty-eight more episodes by Learn Swedish | SwedishPod101. Find out if this is really the best way to learn Swedish online. You could select the ItalianPod101 lifetime premium account, which goes for $599. Un prieten, voluntar al Corpului Păcii, a studiat româna înainte de a veni în R. 3rd Choice. Se usa ustedes para hablar con tus abuelos o para dirigirse a un grupo de manera formal y respetuosa. 3. But, it's better used in combination with a textbook and not by itself. Review our Affiliate Agreement. Guidance & ongoing assessment so you always know what to study next. Here’s what you get with the Innovative Language 101 App. Ä – as the “ai” in the English word fair. Whilst on the surface it sounds like a godsend, in actual fact it is structured really badly in or opinion. RussianPod101 is a language learning program brought to you by Innovative Languages. The free plan offers some podcasts and the first three lessons. The three languages remain mostly mutually intelligible, meaning speakers of each language can. com, free! No signup or install needed. Spain: Un bolígrafo (“pen”) Mexico: Una pluma. Learn Swedish with Free Daily Audio and Video Lessons!Hello Listener, The only thing a new school year means at SwedishPod101 is a fresh start for you to master Swedish. 00 per month. Levels 1 and 2 — $299. The French would say either: ‘Ce n’est pas possible. Swedish December 2022 Review - The 2 Minute Rule to Cracking Through the Hard Parts of Language Learning Discover your new learning strategies and free resources of the month. This Rocket Arabic Review is current and up-to-date as of October 21st, 2021, and covers the 2021 version of Rocket Arabic. At the higher levels, there’s a big gap in content, so you may find it’s not enough for you. EnglishClass101 Coupon for 60 or 77% Off. But if you want to learn even faster, you’ll want a teacher. For example, calling a taxi in Ukraine in Ukrainian or Russian will be 30-50% cheaper than ordering one in English through your hotel/apartment agency. By Michael / Learn Hebrew, Product Reviews / 12 minutes of reading. Con #3 It’s Expensive. The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. Skip to content. The course can be used as a supplement to in-person learning or as a stand-alone class. AfrikaansPod101 Coupon Codes. The fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Swedish and Swedish culture. **--- Free Lifetime Account and password protected iTunes lesson feed available at SwedishPod101. It’s an audio/video lesson-based program designed to get you speaking Swedish from your very. Find out if this is really the best way to learn Swedish online and if this is the right product for you. In this blog post, you’ll […] The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. Simply Learn Swedish. Existing Users – Sign In Now: Convenient Basic and Premium login and profile access for existing SwedishPod101 website users; Download Manager for Offline Study: Hands down, the easiest way to listen on-the-go! Download any lesson you have access to with your account and listen offline from your Library. Feedback from a native speaker teacher which is vital for correcting mistakes quickly. Consonants are mostly the same, but there are a few differences. All Language Resources is an independent review site. The fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Swedish and Swedish culture. However, the central story is very detailed, and a really great story! A Strong If Not Unique Start for Swedish: Babbel. (begging pardon) Förlåt. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. 1. (Pathways are courses or collections of lessons for you to take. Here at SwedishPod101, you’ll learn Swedish with fun, interesting and culturally relevant lessons that are easy to listen to. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. FREE lessons come out every week. Monthly Review Video #60 - Input vs Output and How to Learn Language. The content is impressive, though, with a good variety of lesson types. We decided to make our Level 1 Swedish Course free to help anyone staying home to learn Swedish. Learn Absolute Beginner Swedish through the story of James, a British student in Sweden. Of course, motivation and dedication to becoming fluent in French will play a major role, but anyone who puts in the time and commitment can succeed in learning to speak French. Learn Swedish with Free Daily Audio and Video Lessons!At SwedishPod101, you get the world's largest library of audio and video lessons made by real teachers. Learn Swedish with SwedishPod101. The guide will be split into three sections: features accessible to our Free, Basic, and Premium subscribers. Finding the right program to teach you to speak Spanish can be daunting and discouraging. In summary, GermanPod101 is one of the top contenders for learning German. **--- Free Lifetime Account and password protected iTunes lesson feed available at SwedishPod101. With over 258 million total speakers worldwide, Russian is the seventh-most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers and the eighth-most spoken language in the world by total number of speakers. com ---**. SwedishPod101 Reviews SwedishPod101 Coupons. And with the Valentine’s Day Sale, you get to choose: Learn as fast (or as slow) as you want — at 28% OFF. We incorporate culture. com Although we haven’t yet tried SwedishPod101, given how similar the courses are for all the other languages we’ve tried, this review should give you an accurate representation of what to expect. com. com ---**. Glossika Cost. In video 1 below, I explain the impact it’s had on my life. Lessons Vocabulary My Teacher More Sign in Lessons Lesson Library Newest Lessons Favorites Have you ever returned to SwedishPod101 lessons you’ve completed? Accessing a lesson once is enough to learn more Swedish. 0 - 1 rating. Learn Swedish fast, easy and at your own pace with SwedishPod101. 95. VISIT WEBSITE. All of the content included in the premium subscription is. The lessons are also ideal for learning new grammar and vocabulary. For those of you with just the plane ride to prepare, check our survival. Hello Listener, You’ll want to know about these 2 new Swedish learning tools and features. Pimsleur Spanish Review; Ouino Spanish Review; Other Languages Menu Toggle. 60% off DutchPod101. com Audio Podcasts and Videocasts. NOW OVER --- 101,000,000 --- Language Lessons downloaded so far and Brian Heater of -- PC Magazine -- says. The vowels are a, e, i, o, u, y, å, ä, and ö. Hello Listener, We know you were expecting 41% OFF for Black Friday. 1-on-1 Interaction with your personal teacher at SwedishPod101. 99 per month. RussianPod101 Review: Summary. Pimsleur Spanish Review; Ouino Spanish Review; Other Languages Menu Toggle. SwedishPod101 Coupon Codes: Verified October 2021. Learn Swedish with Free Daily Audio and Video Lessons!Learn Cyrillic alphabet (one week) 4. Unlike other programs by Innovative Language, the quality and breadth of content doesn’t drop off at the higher levels. Whether you are student or a seasoned speaker, our lessons offer something for everyone. **--- Free Lifetime Account and password protected iTunes lesson feed available at SwedishPod101. TurkishClass101. DutchPod101. Your lessons focus on real life communication and get you speaking in minutes. It is a Semitic language is closely related to Canaanite, Aramaic, Hebrew and Amorite along with other modern and dead languages. Always wanted to learn? Then subscribe to Premium SwedishPod101 today. 1. There are tons of reasons you may want to learn to speak Czech. If something is not possible, Belgians will frequently say: ‘Je ne sais pas le faire’ which literally translates as ‘I do not know how to do it’. I made a lot of mistakes and invested a significant amount of time and money. Welcome to SwedishPod101. by Olly Richards. Levels can be purchased in the following ways. As you can see in the linguistic map of Italy, the country has a rich smattering of languages and dialects all over. We believe that the more you speak, the quicker you learn, so we have designed our program to get you speaking right away. 3rd Choice. Hallå, hallå!This is a great time saver and a way to give you consistent, instant access to the latest and best Swedish lesson materials. This is similar to the English vowels, apart from å, ä, ö and y. But I do not know where to begin. BulgarianPod101 Review; CzechClass101 Review; DanishClass101 Review; DutchPod101 Review; FinnishPod101 Review; GreekPod101 Review; HebrewPod101 Review; HungarianPod101 Review; PolishPod101 Review; SwahiliPod101 Review;. I love impressing my Swedish friends with new words. The 60% off is figured by assuming you would use DutchPod101 for a total of. 99 a month and a Pro subscription for $30. Same goes to abrazar (“to hug”) and abrasar (“to roast”); 2. iPhone, iPad & Android. The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. 99 a month and a Pro subscription for $30. That means that 9/10 of the two languages’ words are similar but that does not mean that they are necessarily mutually intelligible to native speakers due to additional differences in pronunciation and syntax. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. com ---**. Read on, and I’ll show you exactly how I used GermanPod101 to learn conversational German in 90 days. You may have forgotten some of these words and phrases. Our editors at Language Tsar have put the German Uncovered language program through its paces. LanguagePod101. Pick the best plan for you from the Basic, Premium, and PremiumPLUS subscription plans. See our Super-Detailed SwedishPod101 Review. The subject matter of the episodes varies a lot, but you can always expect Fredrik to talk about current events or news while sharing a Swede’s. com website offers. Click on the 30%, 60% or 77% promo code links above. And if you want to unlock our Learning System with over 70 […]Duolingo Swahili vs SwahiliPod101. Want to speak better Swedish? You need more words. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. Discount offers and coupons inside! SwedishPod101 Review: Summary SwedishPod101 could be a valuable resource for beginning speakers, but advanced speakers may find the information lacking. You can also select the second option, which gives you access to three Pod101 languages. All of the content included in the premium subscription is available to access. com. Alphabet. 3) it is necessary to create a positive attitude towards learning the language, i. Some differences between Spanish in Spain and Argentina. Here is our Mimic Method coupon code to get you an. Best Apps for Learning Turkish. Start speaking Swedish from your very first lesson… with our specially designed, conversation-based audio lessons. 7. Many believe that Portuguese is only spoken in Portugal and Brazil when, in fact, it is the official language of several countries in Africa, such as Mozambique, Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Cape Verde, and São Tomé. Perhaps you have friends, family, or even a new love interest who speaks Czech, or maybe you plan to visit or move to the Czech Republic and want to be able to get around without feeling like a tourist. En España se usa vosotros/vosotras para dirigirse a un grupo o para hablar con tus amigos de manera informal. Do you want to learn Swedish the fast, fun and easy way?And do you want to master daily conversations and speak like a native? Then this is the book for you. If you want to take your Portuguese learning mobile, the site also provides an app at no extra cost. It ranks alongside Mandarin and Japanese according to the Foreign Service Institute (FSI). We planned on it. Don Quixote Told to Children is a fun and exciting tale of the honorable and good, if not slightly mad, Quixote as if it were being told to children. 7. The SwedishPod101 podcast is updated regularly, and you can find 4-hour-long compilations on our YouTube channel. Hello Listener, We know you were expecting 41% OFF for Black Friday. About Us. 77% Off ItalianPod101. The words “le” and “la” are used to express the masculinity or femininity of each object. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. Both new and existing customers can snag the following discounts. Learn Swedish fast, easy and at your own pace with SwedishPod101. In these cases, language certificates are essential even if they do not always accurately represent the linguistic ability of the certificate holder. In this blog post, you’ll […]The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. Lessons Vocabulary My Teacher More Sign in Lessons Lesson Library Newest Lessons FavoritesBulgarianPod101 by Innovative Language, is an online program for learning to speak Bulgarian. Upon signing up, you receive a free lifetime account and a free 7-day Premium trial period using our link. 00-$8. 00-$25. В украинском языке, в отличие от русского, используется при обращении необходимо менять окончание слова, например “Батьку!” или “Іване”, когда начальна форма это “Батькo”, “Іван”. Monthly Review Video #60 - Input vs Output and How to Learn Language Faster | Swedish November 2023 Review discover your new learning strategies, free resources of the. 2. Innovative Language’s Pod101 courses are one of the most talked-about language tools at Fluent in 3 Months (Fi3M) – you’ll find them mentioned on the recommended resources page for most languages. It is Islam’s liturgical language, and it is primarily found in the Quran. Go to Reviews. 95. The course is well-designed. We incorporate culture and current issues into each episode to give the most informative, both linguistically and culturally, podcasts possible. 00 per month, and Premium+ subscription costs $23. Another difference I’ve noticed is the ‘г’ letter pronounced like ‘h’ (IPA: /ɣ/) in southern Russia (and parts of. Simply, pay once and you have access to the program for life. com - The Fastest, Easiest and Most Fun Way to Learn Swedish. The Swedish alphabet consists of nine vowels and twenty consonants. Contents 25 Audio Lesson s 5 Video. The Pimsleur Premium Spanish subscription includes everything offered by the Pimsleur. Your own personalized learning program based on your needs. You got the sneak peek email. CHECK LATEST PRICE. The Arabic language is considered one of the most difficult for a native-English speaker to learn. Ji-Lu Mandarin. Learn Swedish in the fastest, easiest and most fun way. But not only are they fun -. Pimsleur Spanish Review; Ouino Spanish Review; Other Languages Menu Toggle. Spanish Uncovered Review (Story Learning) This Spanish Uncovered review is up-to-date as of February 13th, 2023. Learn Swedish with Free Daily Audio and Video Lessons!The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. What's more I've found their courses to be much better value than more famous audio courses!Learn Swedish fast, easy and at your own pace with SwedishPod101. (Ad-juuh)The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. EnglishClass101 makes it easy to learn to speak English with access to your program wherever you go. However, in German, the definite article can be der. Also known as Beifang Mandarin (Northern Mandarin), this dialect is spoken primarily in Heibei and Shandong provinces, (Ji & Lu), which has three dialectical sub-groups; Bao-Tang, Shi-Ji and Cang-Hui). Absolute Beginner. Por exemplo, os brasileiros tendem a dizer “ a casa dela”, enquanto os. It is Islam’s liturgical language, and it is primarily found in the Quran. Learn at your own convenience and pace with short, effective, and fun audio podcast lessons and a comprehensive, state-of-the-art Learning Center that provides you with the tools to. ArabicPod101 เป็นคอร์สเรียนออนไลน์ ที่มีให้เลือกเรียนตั้งแต่ภาษาสวีเดนพื้นฐาน-สูง ผ่านการดูวีดีโอ และฟังเสียง ด้วยหัวข้อหลากหลายที่. It’s by no means a shortcut, though, and you’ll need self-discipline to get through it. Episodes last anywhere from 10 to 15 minutes (respectively), and feature a short Hindi dialogue. In Spain the verb is used to mean “to take”. SwedishPod101 is made by my favourite audio course creators, Innovative Language. Little is known of the HungarianPod101 Lifetime Premium account, but it’s one of the most reliable platforms that could help you become fluent in. PortuguesePod101 offers an extensive lesson library with loads of videos and podcasts. 1) Your date/time of birth, i. The Americans came before the turn of the 19 th century and their English language has continued its domination over the entire country next to Tagalog, of course. Portuguesepod101 is a podcast based course, so there is a ton of audio. According to Rosetta Stone support, the course takes over 200 hours to complete. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. 6. Why should you check out JapanesePod101? Because there’s no other tool like it. You might also like: Duolingo Babbel Rosetta Stone italki AmazingTalker. Possessing the skill of speaking Portuguese is a valuable asset for business and travel purposes. However, you will find very little in the way of feedback or in-depth language lessons. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. - at SwedishPod101. **--- Free Lifetime Account and password protected. SwedishPod101. com ---**. SwedishPod101 is the fastest, easiest, and most fun way to learn Swedish. A Smart Way to Start Learning Swedish: Pimsleur. Read a review of Swedish Pod 101, the modern language-learning platform by Innovative Language. Sometimes Swedes also repeat the greeting word twice when initiating a call. Learn all about the society and culture of Sweden. com ---**. Upon setting up your free lifetime account, you are granted a free seven-day Premium trial. Think about what kind of learner you are and then apply what I say to see if it's important. That means that almost 9/10s of the two languages’ words are similar but does not mean that they are necessarily mutually intelligible to native speakers due to big differences in pronunciation and syntax. General Rules. :) Start speaking Swedish in minutes with Audio and Video lessons. 2) Banking: Worldwide, our monetary systems are built on numbers. Get Started with SwedishPod101. Spain: Un melocotón (“peach”) Mexico: Un durazno. Perfect for beginners. Education · 2022Learn Swedish fast, easy and at your own pace with SwedishPod101. com – Review. The very basics of grammar and vocabulary, all in 5 compact lessons. There’s the Ready, Set, Speak Swedish 28%. Based on your learning level, we’ve assigned a recommended pathway for you (level 1 - 5). Up to 77% Off EnglishClass101 Lifetime Premium Membership. We decided to make our Level 1 Swedish Course free to help anyone staying home to learn Swedish. Below, we’ve compiled and categorized 200+ beginner Swedish words that will prove useful as you set out on this language learning journey. Intonation. If you’re wondering if the paid subscriptions are a good bargain, check out our full review of SwedishPod101. On the other hand if you speak some Belarusian or a Chinese dialect then it would be possible. com Audio Podcasts and Videocasts. We were, in fact, pleasantly surprised to see just how much content there was for each level. Based on your learning level, we’ve assigned a recommended pathway for you (level 1 - 5). The intonation of the language in Flanders is more melodic than in the Netherlands. The lexical similarity between Spanish and Portuguese is close to 90%. For those of you with just the plane ride to prepare, check our survival phrase. Most Comprehensive: ItalianPod101. com is an online Dutch. Start speaking Swedish in minutes with audio and video lessons, audio dictionary, and learning community! 1. BulgarianPod101 Review; CzechClass101 Review; DanishClass101 Review; DutchPod101 Review; FinnishPod101 Review; GreekPod101 Review; HebrewPod101 Review; HungarianPod101 Review; PolishPod101 Review; SwahiliPod101 Review;. **--- Free Lifetime Account and password protected iTunes lesson feed available at SwedishPod101. ’ (‘We cannot do that. With so few Swedish-teaching programs out there, we can say that SwedishPod101 is one of the more comprehensive ones. ago. Moldova și România vă pot aduce următorul exemplu. To receive 60% off, you will make a one-time payment for lifetime access to DutchPod101. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. Lessons Vocabulary My Teacher More Sign in Lessons Lesson Library Newest Lessons FavoritesThe SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. The lexical similarity between French and Italian is around 85-90%. Learn Swedish with Free Daily Audio and Video Lessons!Pimsleur Spanish Review; Ouino Spanish Review; Other Languages Menu Toggle. I have Swedish friends and talk with them everyday. The free access includes a handful of lessons from each level, but it’s not enough to learn Russian. NOW OVER --- 101,000,000 --- Language Lessons downloaded so far and Brian Heater of -- P…. NOW OVER --- 101,000,000 --- Language Lessons downloaded so far and Brian Heater of -- P…Swedes will not be able to understand you if you cannot grasp Swedish pronunciation. 300 Million […]Here, the word “kiedy” is clearly closer to the Russian “когда” than to the Ukrainian “коли”, “to” is also more like “это” than “це”. Picture 7. Listeners who take the time to immerse themselves in Swedish podcasts stand out when it comes to having a good grasp of Swedish pronunciation. Our teachers give you a practical. If nothing pops up on Piratebay, you should go find a different resource. It’s a useful resource, especially when it comes to getting extra listening practice. No, SwedishPod101 does not offer teacher discounts. You can also choose to pay for an entire year upfront to get a discounted rate. First impressions tell us that PolishPod101 is an innovative and exciting way to learn the Polish language. Contents. Rocket Languages Black Friday Sale 2022 (60% Off) The 3-day Rocket Languages BLACK FRIDAY SALE details are as follows: Starts: midnight (12:01 am) on Wednesday, November 21st (Pacific Time) Ends: midnight (11:59 pm) on Friday, November 25th (Pacific Time) Offer: 60% off any online course until the end date or once 1,000 copies have been sold. What you will hear is an approximation with sounds that you. Learn Swedish fast, easy and at your own pace with SwedishPod101. com Audio Podcasts and Videocasts. Lessons Vocabulary My Teacher More Sign in Lessons Lesson Library Newest Lessons FavoritesHave you ever returned to SwedishPod101 lessons you’ve completed? Accessing a lesson once is enough to learn more Swedish. Todos los dialectos colombianos tienen una COSA en común: el seseo o fusión de / θ / con / s /. Grammar points and language vocabulary get repeated over the course of each level, which helps reinforce what you've learnt. Hello Listener, The year’s about to come to a close. The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. CHECK LATEST PRICE. SwedishPod101 has truly been a life saver for me. Rating: ★ ★ ★ ★ ★. Now, are you ready for more? Then get set! There’s a new SwedishPod101 feature called My Report. com Audio Podcasts and Videocasts. Welcome Back Listener! It’s been a while! Last time we saw you, it was still 2013… Christmas trees were up, and you were still making your 2014 resolutions. **--- Free Lifetime Account and password protected iTunes lesson feed available at SwedishPod101. Esto significa que 4/5 de las palabras de las dos lenguas son similares, pero esto no significa que sean necesariamente mutuamente inteligibles debido a las diferencias con la pronunciación y la sintaxis. Check out this list and review with audio pronunciation at SwedishPod101. See full list on livefluent. Limba română studiată și cea auzită au fost două limbi complet diferite. :) Start speaking Dutch in minutes with Audio and Video lessons. As such, we’ll keep the course free until November 15th, 2022. Lessons Vocabulary My Teacher More Sign in Vocabulary My Teacher More Sign inThe SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. So, you can put home-time to productive use… and learn Swedish in the fastest, easiest, and most fun. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. With SwedishPod101… You learn Swedish conversations with quick, 3-15 minute audio & video lessons by real teachers. Hallo, Pooh, you're just in time for a little smackerel of something. By comparison, my husband recently paid $300 for his Spanish textbook that only covered the 101 and 102 level courses. Our recommended supplementary tool. r/unket is temporary closed due to the recent automated harassment of Swedish users by a food subreddit's mod-team, inadvertently causing Swedes to risk breaking site-wide rules by bringing it up. com/video and sign up for your FREE lifetime account. Best Way to Learn Japanese. You get FREE language lessons and learn about culture, food and more. All Language Resources is an independent review site. Situational Swedish is heavily stressed, and our team. com ---**. Detailed, comprehensive review of SwedishPod101, one of the most popular online Swedish courses. NOW OVER --- 101,000,000 --- Language Lessons downloaded so far and Brian Heater of -- P…Learn Swedish fast, easy and at your own pace with SwedishPod101. Simple Swedish Podcast Learn Swedish at a slow pace, starting with easy vocabulary words and phrases. В. 99 per month. A Swedish Solution for Every Ability Level: Udemy. ArabicPod101 Review. This Rocket French Review is current as of October 21st, 2021, and covers the 2021 version of Rocket French. Access on Android,iPhone & iPad. Overview of languages and dialects in Italy. 00 to $47. The departure point for improving your pronunciation is to start by identifying and listening to the sounds in your new language that are not found in your native language or in other languages that you speak. If you still have any questions after reading through the guide. Coming in at $297, Italian Uncovered is certainly not cheap, especially since you have just one text. The SwedishPod101 Blog is the place. We’ll guide you from lesson 1, to 2, to 3… until fluency. NOW OVER --- 101,000,000 --- Language Lessons downloaded so far and Brian Heater of -- P…The lexical similarity between German and Dutch is roughly as similar as that between Spanish and Italian. Glossika Cost. Start here for our official curated pathway for Level 1. Another important difference is the use of the verb “ coger “. PortuguesePod101 is a good, absorbing resource that beginners and intermediate learners will benefit from the most. Here are our picks for the 5 Best Apps for Learning Italian: 1.